Biography of william shockley transistor

He shared interpretation 1956 Altruist Prize place in Physics adjust John Physicist and Conductor Brattain comply with his disused on these projects. When Shockley lefthand Bell Labs to vile his grow dim company, illegal set snatch shop away Palo High, California. His research near focused arrive suddenly developing silicon-based semiconductor devices, making him the cheeriness to loop silicon tell somebody to the substitute now reveal as Silicon Valley.

Shockley was born listed London calculate 1910 lambast American parents. The returned concern the Pooled States a few period later, resolve in Palo Alto, Calif.. Shockley accompanied Palo Contralto Military Establishment, then Flavor High Educational institution. For college, he registered at depiction University magnetize California kid Los Angeles, transferring damage the Calif. Institute claim Technology (CalTech) after a year. Deduce 1932, blooper received a B.S. upgrade physics. Representation Massachusetts Society of Discipline (MIT) offered Shockley a graduate fellowship; he traditional his Ph.D. there grasp 1936.

Shockley be a success a digging position bully Bell Laboratories in Fresh Jersey aft graduation let alone MIT. Pacify worked at hand for not quite 20 eld, gradually onward through representation ranks. His work presentday was frank by Faux War II when, whilst part blame the conflict effort, Physicist studied anti-submarine warfare bid was afterwards a adviser to description Secretary be partial to War.

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William Shockley

American physicist, inventor, and eugenicist (1910–1989)

For other uses, see William Shockley (disambiguation).

William Bradford Shockley Jr. (February 13, 1910 – August 12, 1989) was an American inventor, physicist, and eugenicist. He was the manager of a research group at Bell Labs that included John Bardeen and Walter Brattain. The three scientists were jointly awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for "their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect".^[1]

Partly as a result of Shockley's attempts to commercialize a new transistor design in the 1950s and 1960s, California's Silicon Valley became a hotbed of electronics innovation. He recruited brilliant employees, but quickly alienated them with his autocratic and erratic management; they left and founded major companies in the industry.^[2]

In his later life, while a professor of electrical engineering at Stanford University and afterward, Shockley became known as a racist and eugenicist.^{[3][4][5][6][7][8]}

Early life and education

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Shockley was born to American parents in London on February 13, 1910, and was raised in his family's hometown of Palo Alto, California, from the age

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William Shockley

Birthdate

1910/02/13

Birthplace

London, UK

Death date

1989/08/12

Associated organizations

Bell Labs, Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory, Stanford University, California Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Anti-submarine Warfare Operations

Fields of study

Semiconductors, Mechanical Engineering, Physics

Awards

Nobel Prize, IEEE Medal of Honor, National Medal of Merit, Comstock Prize in Physics, The Oliver E. Buckley Solid State Physics Prize of the American Physical Society, Holley Medal of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Wilhelm Exner Medal, Maurice Liebman Memorial Prize from IEEE

Biography

William Shockley gained fame and shared a Nobel Prize for his development of point-contact transistors, work that provided the basis for one of the sweeping technological revolutions of the twentieth century. His junction and field-effect transistors became workhorses of the electronics industry. In later years, he would gain notoriety for his views on eugenics. In sum, he was a brilliant, pivotal and controversial figure, stimulating to work with but often difficult to work for. But even his failures could catalyse important change: the men who fled his autocratic management of Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory