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Biography of Túpac Amaru, the Last of the Incan Lords
Túpac Amaru (1545–September 24, 1572) was the last of the indigenous rulers of the Inca. He ruled during the time of the Spanish occupation and was executed by the Spanish after the final defeat of the Neo-Inca state.
Fast Facts: Túpac Amaru
- Known For: The last indigenous ruler of the Inca
- Also Known As: Túpac Amaru, Topa Amaru, Thupa Amaro, Tupaq Amaru, Thupaq Amaru
- Born: 1545 (exact date unknown) in or near Cusco
- Parents: Manco Capac (father); mother unknown
- Died: September 24, 1572 in Cusco
- Spouse: Unknown
- Children: One son
- Notable Quote: "Ccollanan Pachacamac ricuy auccacunac yawarniy hichascancuta." ("Pacha Kamaq, witness how my enemies shed my blood."
Early Life
Tupac Amaru, a member of the Incan royal family, grew up in the Incan convent Vilcabamba, the "religious university" of the Incas. As a young adult, he was against the Spanish occupation and rejected Christianity. Indigenous Incan leaders supported him because of that.
Background
When the Spanish arrived in the Andes in the early 1530s, they found the wealthy Inca Empire in turmoil. Feuding brothers Atahualpa and Huáscar ruled over two halves of the mighty Empire. Huáscar was killed by Atahua
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Túpac Amaru II (1738 – 1781) was born Jose Gabriel Condorcanqui in the Tinta region of Peru. At that time, a large part of South America was ruled by Spain, and the population was a mixture of Spanish, Native Americans, and people of African origin (many of them enslaved). As a young man, Condorcanqui inherited his father’s role as cacique (leader of the local indigenous peoples). He repeatedly appealed to the Spanish governors to reduce the heavy taxes and improve working conditions (including forced labour) for the local people.
When his appeals were ignored, Condorcanqui eventually arrested the Corregidor (a local Spanish official) Antonio de Arriaga and had him hanged in front of a large crowd. Condorcanqui renamed himself Túpac Amaru II, after his ancestor who was the last indigenous ruler of the Incas, and launched an uprising in favour of freedom for indigenous and enslaved peoples.
The rebellion, initially led by Túpac Amaru along with his wife Micaela Bastidas, raged between 1780 – 1783. Túpac asserted the rebellion was the result of ‘repeated outcries’ from the indigenous peoples against the abuses committed by European-born Crown officials. Around 6,000 Native Americans assembled and began to march in rebellion.
Túpac successfully captured the town of San